Table 1: Union Density (in %) by Sector and Gender, Western Europe, 1970 and 1988/89

 
Total
Manufacturing
Financial
Public
Males services
Females services
Country
1970
1989
1970
1988
1970
1988
1970
1988
1970
1988
1970
1988
Austria
59
45
68
53
37
28
78
57
73
57
45
37
Belgium
46
56
60
95
20
23
..
..
..
..
..
..
Denmark
60b)
74c)
80
100c)
37
36
..
70
..
78
..
72
France
21
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Germany
33
32
36d)
48
15d)
17
61
45
42
47
15
22
Great Britain
44b)
39
52
41
21
25
60
55
54
44
29
33
Ireland
50a)
47
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Italy
33
35
40
47
33
22
47
54
..
..
..
..
Netherlands
36
23
41
25
8
9
64
49
44
35
14
13
Norway
51
56
67
87
51
33
68
75
..
..
..
..
Sweden
68
85
84
100
70
72
..
81
77
82
54
88
Switzerland
31
26
27
34
26
14
75d)
71
42
34
14
13

 

Source: Visser (1992): Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Notes: gross union densities;

a) 1987;

b) 1988;

c) 1972;

d) 1986;

e) ..: data not available.