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J. Timo Weishaupt |
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From the Manpower Revolution to the Activation Paradigm |
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Explaining Institutional Continuity and Change in an Integrating Europe |
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Changing Welfare States |
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394 p., Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2011 |
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ISBN: 978-90-8964-252-3 |
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Abstract
This book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe, while paying close attention to the OECD and the European Union as proliferators of new ideas. Three phases are identified: (a) a manpower revolution phase during the 1960s and 1970s, when most European governments emulated Swedish manpower policies and introduced/modernized their public employment services; (b) a phase of international disagreement about the root causes of, and remedies for, unemployment, triggering a diversity of policy responses during the late 1970s and 1980s; and (c) the emergence of an activation paradigm since the late 1990s, causing a process of institutional hybridization. The books main contention is that the evolution of labor market policy is not only determined by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers changing normative and cognitive beliefs. The cases studied include Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
List of Boxes, Figures and Tables
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
I |
Introduction |
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I.1 |
The Research Questions |
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I.2 |
Competing Predictions about Labour Market Policy Regime Change: The Argument in Brief |
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I.3 |
Research Design, Case Selection, and the Evidence |
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I.4 |
Book Outline |
II |
Theoretical Approach |
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II.1 |
Introduction |
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II.2 |
Defining Institutions |
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II.3 |
Historical Institutionalism: Explaining Continuity |
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II.4 |
Historical Institutionalism: Beyond Continuity |
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II.5 |
Causal Mechanisms to Explain Institutional Transformations: Ideas and Agency |
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II.6 |
Three Institutional Trajectories |
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II.7 |
Analytical Grid: Four Dimensions of Labour Market Policy Regimes |
PART 1 ORIGIN AND CRISIS OF EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET POLICY REGIMES
III |
Origin of European Labour Market Policy Regimes and the Manpower Revolution |
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III.1 |
Locating the Origins of Unemployment and Labour Market Policy |
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III.2 |
Locating the Origin of Active Manpower Policy |
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III.3 |
The OECD and the Diffusion of Active Manpower Policy |
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III.4 |
Five Country Cases: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, and the UK |
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III.5 |
Conclusions |
IV |
Labour Market Policy Regimes in Crisis: Divergence into Three Distinct Clusters |
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IV.1 |
Labour Market Policy Regimes Under Stress: 1973-1979 |
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IV.2 |
National Policies after the First Oil Crisis: Moderate Optimism and the Expansion of Active Manpower Policies |
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IV.3 |
Conclusions |
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IV.4 |
After the Second Oil Crisis: Shattered Illusions and Diverging Pathways |
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IV.5 |
National Policy Responses: Social-Investment, Labour-Shedding, and Marketisation Strategies |
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IV.6 |
Conclusions |
PART II THE EMERGENCE OF THE ACTIVATION PARADIGM
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The OECD's Repeated Reassessments and the EU as a Proliferator of New Ideas |
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V.1 |
The New Aspiration for an "Active Society" and the Road to the 1994 OECD Jobs Study |
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V.2 |
The European Union as a Proliferator of New Ideas: From Delors' 1993 White Paper to the European Employment Strategy |
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V.3 |
The Consolidation of Activation and the Emergence of the PES Service Model |
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V.4 |
Further Ideational Convergence: The Reassessed OCED Jobs Study and the Revised Lisbon Agenda |
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V.5 |
Conclusions |
VI |
The Emergence of the Activation Paradigm: Analyzing Institutional Hybridisation |
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VI.1. |
Normative/Cognitive Dimension |
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VI.2 |
Organisational Dimension |
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VI.3 |
Financial Dimension |
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VI.4 |
Work Incentives Dimension |
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VI.5 |
Conclusions |
VII |
Explaining Transformative Change in Two Crucial Cases |
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VII.1 |
Explaining the Process of Hybridisation in Continental Europe: Germany as a "Least Likely" Case |
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VII.2 |
Explaining Hybridisation in the Liberal World: Turning Vice into Virtue in Ireland |
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VII.3 |
Conclusions |
VIII |
Conclusion |
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VIII.1 |
Do National Labour Market Policy Reform Efforts Exhibit Covariation across Western Europe, and if so, How and Why? |
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VIII.2 |
What Impact, if any, Have the Recommendations of International Organisations such as the OECD and the EU had an National Reform Agendas? |
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VIII.3 |
Have Recent Reform Activities, in the Context of the OECD Jobs Study and the EES, Fundamentally Transformed the Historic Composition of National Labour Market Policy Regimes, and if so, to What Effect? |
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VIII.4. |
Reactions to the Global Financial and Economic Crisis and the Future of the Activation Paradigm |
List of Interviews and Personal Conversations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
J. Timo Weishaupt received a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in August 2008. Since September 2008, he is a post-doctoral fellow at the Mannheim Center for European Social Research (MZES), Germany.
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