Nan Zhang, Amalia Alvarez-Benjumea, Fabian Winter
Norms of Prejudice: Political Identity and Polarization

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2024: 379, Heft 1897, (article no. 20230030) pp.1-8
ISSN: 0962-8436 (print), 1471-2970 (online)

The USA is fast becoming a ‘majority–minority’ country in which Whites will no longer comprise the numerically dominant racial group. Prior studies have linked Whites’ status decline to heightened in-group solidarity and the feeling that Whites, as a group, face growing discrimination. In the light of these findings, we examine the extent to which a social norm controlling anti-White prejudice is now discernible in the USA. Drawing from an original survey measuring Americans’ reactions to racially-offensive speech, we exam- ine second-order beliefs about the social inappropriateness of offensive statements targeting White Americans. We find that White Americans (in com- parison to non-Whites) are indeed more likely to profess a social norm governing anti-white prejudice. The pattern is most discernible among white Republicans whom we expect to be most fearful of demographic change.