In conjunction with the Swedish Institute for Social Research in Stockholm (Prof. Robert Erikson and co-workers), this project investigates changes in the social determinants of educational participation, and the consequences those changes have for occupational careers as well as social mobility patterns. Of particular interest are the effects of differences in the educational institutions themselves, particularly in occupational or vocational training, as well as the various reforms carried out in the educational institutions of the respective countries during the postwar era.