Coalition Theory

The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
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pp. 572-573
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New York, Oxford, New Delhi
,
Blackwell Publishing
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2014,

Michael T. Gibbons, Diana Coole, Elisabeth Ellis, Kennan Ferguson,
Debus, Marc
ISBN: 978-1-4051-9129-6 (print); 978-1-1184-7439-6

Politics and policy-making in modern democracies imply the search for compromises. In doing so, members of parliament with similar policy positions can form short-term coalitions to increase the chances that their law proposals are supported by a majority in the legislature. While the latter behavior of parliamentary representatives can often be observed in presidential systems, the government in parliamentary systems needs the support of a majority in the legislature, either to get into or to remain in office. In order to win stable majorities in parliaments over a longer time period, the parliamentary groups of political parties can either form legislative coalitions that agree on specific policy goals, so that a minority government is supported by a parliamentary majority, or they form executive coalitions where the coalition parties are also represented in the government and, thus, additionally have to agree on the distribution of ministerial posts.