Making Diversity Work: New Behavioural Indicators of Social Cohesion in Multiethnic Communities

Recent trends in global migration have raised public concerns about the potentially negative consequences of ethnic diversity for social solidarity in Western societies. Few studies to date however have sought to explain how trust and cooperation can conversely be sustained in diverse settings. Against this backdrop, the proposed research aims to create novel behavioural indicators of social cohesion across multiethnic German neighbourhoods in order to analyse the emergence of positive community relations. In contrast to existing studies which predominately privilege comparisons between ethnically-homogenous and heterogeneous areas, a key contribution of the proposed research is to focus explicitly on important unexamined differences between highly-diverse contexts in order to understand the conditions under which diversity may undermine or, conversely, promote cooperation.

Using innovative field experimental methods, this research will develop a sophisticated set of behavioural indicators to map variation in "prosocial" behaviour across diverse urban areas. Further, this new data will be used to (i) systematically test novel theories about how different features of diverse neighbourhoods contribute to local cooperation, (ii) disentangle the individual-level mechanisms—other-regarding preferences, social norms enforcement, and intergroup contact—underlying social cohesion in multiethnic settings, and (iii) develop a richer understanding of social relations that takes both natives’ and minorities’ experiences into account. Overall, results from this research will open up new scientific perspectives on cooperation in diverse communities and generate critical policy knowledge about how to "make diversity work" in an era of rapid demographic change.